❑ REEs are a group of 17 chemically similar
elements
❑ LEEsandHREEs
❑ WhyareRREsconsidered “Rare”?
❑ Theyneveroccur in pure form
❑ They are an integral part of many mineral
formulas
❑ (Ce,La,Nd,Th) (PO4,SiO4) monazite
❑ Some REEs, such as cerium, and even other
REEs, are more abundant than copper, lead,
and zinc
❑ Opium can compete with the market price
of REEs (کہاوت
❑ Thethree main sources of REEs are alkaline
granites,
pegmatites
carbonatites,
and granitic
❑ REEsexhibit high solubility in alkaline melts
❑ Globally, the largest rare earth element
(REE) deposits are hosted in these rock
types
❑ These are rocks with low quartz content
and high alkaline feldspar
❑ Threemaintectonic domains
❑ From south to north, these domains are the
Indian Plate, the Kohistan–Ladakh Island Arc
(KLA), and the Karakoram Plate
❑ NoREEsincalc-alkaline rocks
❑ Alkaline rocks and carbonatites are major
warehouses of REEs
❑ In Pakistan, alkaline rocks and carbonatites have
been reported from south to north, including
Nagar Parkar, the Peshawar Plain Alkaline
Province (PPAIP), and the Kohistan-Ladakh Arc
(KLA)
❑ We evaluated our study and previous studies
one by one
❑ Accessory minerals hosting LREEs (e.g., monazite and
chevkinite) and HREEs (e.g., xenotime, zircon, and
pyrochlore) are present in all rocks
❑ Their model proportion should be high
❑ Based on petrographic observations, A-type granites
contain accessory minerals typical of A-type granitoids
❑ Syenites contain accessory
❑ Accessory minerals in mafic rocks
❑ In a recent study, Khan et al. (2025) reported that the
∑LREEs in PPAIP granites are 305 ppm
❑ Khan et al. (2025) reported that ∑HREEs in PPAIP
granites are 25.54 ppm
❑ Noanomalousvalues
❑Noeconomically viable REEs resources